Referencias Científicas

1. Cálculo de Gasto Energético (TMB / TDEE)

El sistema emplea tres ecuaciones en orden de precisión biométrica: Katch-McArdle (con datos de grasa corporal), el método US Navy/Siri (con circunferencias corporales), y Mifflin-St Jeor (con datos demográficos básicos). El nivel de actividad física (PAL) y el objetivo del usuario modulan el TDEE final.

• •Cunningham, J.J. (1991). Body composition as a determinant of energy expenditure. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54(6), 963–969. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/54.6.963
• •Frankenfield, D., Roth-Yousey, L., & Compher, C. (2005). Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(5), 775–789.
• •Hodgdon, J.A., & Beckett, M.B. (1984). Prediction of percent body fat for U.S. Navy men and women from body circumferences and height. Naval Health Research Center, Report No. 84-11.
• •Wright, H.F., Taylor, A.M., & Rayson, M.P. (2008). Validity of the US Navy body fat prediction equation in physically active adult males. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103(4), 415–420.
• •National Research Council. (2002). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10490

2. Motor de Termogénesis Adaptativa

El controlador de retroalimentación metabólica ajusta el TDEE dinámicamente comparando la pérdida de peso esperada (termodinámica) con la real, cuantificando y compensando la adaptación metabólica.

• •Astrup, A., et al. (1999). Meta-analysis of resting metabolic rate in formerly obese subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(6), 1117–1122.
• •Hall, K.D. (2010). Predicting metabolic adaptation, body weight change, and energy intake in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 298(3), E449–E466.
• •Martins, C., et al. (2020). Metabolic adaptation is not a major barrier to weight-loss maintenance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112(3), 558–565.
• •Müller, M.J., et al. (2015). Metabolic adaptation to caloric restriction and subsequent refeeding: the Minnesota Starvation Experiment revisited. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(4), 807–819.
• •Rosenbaum, M., & Leibel, R.L. (2010). Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. International Journal of Obesity, 34(S1), S47–S55.

3. Distribución de Macronutrientes

La partición de macronutrientes prioriza suelos estructurales (proteína) y hormonales (grasa) antes de asignar carbohidratos, con ajustes por grupo poblacional, objetivo y nivel de actividad.

• •Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2005). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. National Academies Press.
• •European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2017). Dietary Reference Values for nutrients — Summary report. EFSA Supporting Publication, 14(12), e15121E.
• •FAO/WHO/UNU. (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 935.
• •World Health Organization (WHO). (2015). Guideline: Sugars Intake for Adults and Children. Geneva: WHO.

4. Nutrición Deportiva

• •Jäger, R., et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1), 20.
• •Kerksick, C.M., et al. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1), 33.
• •Thomas, D.T., Erdman, K.A., & Burke, L.M. (2016). American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(3), 543–568.
• •Helms, E.R., et al. (2014). A systematic review of dietary protein during caloric restriction in resistance trained lean athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 24(2), 127–138.
• •Morton, R.W., et al. (2018). A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(6), 376–384.

5. Poblaciones Especiales (Embarazo, Lactancia, Adultos Mayores)

• •Bauer, J., et al. (2013). Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(8), 542–559.
• •Deutz, N.E., et al. (2014). Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clinical Nutrition, 33(6), 929–936.
• •European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2013). Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. EFSA Journal, 11(10), 3408.
• •American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2020). Nutrition During Pregnancy. ACOG Practice Advisory.
• •Institute of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2019). Nutrition During Pregnancy. National Clinical Guideline No. 27. Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.

6. Micronutrientes y Vitaminas

Los requerimientos de vitaminas, minerales y aminoácidos esenciales se calculan con base en los valores de referencia de IOM, EFSA y OMS, con moduladores por estado fisiológico.

• •European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2015). Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for calcium. EFSA Journal, 13(5), 4101.
• •Holick, M.F., et al. (2011). Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(7), 1911–1930.
• •Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2001). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press.
• •Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2005). Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press.
• •World Health Organization. (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series, 935.
• •Craig, W.J., et al. (2021). The safe and effective use of plant-based diets with guidelines for health professionals. Nutrients, 13(11), 4144.
• •Volek, J.S., & Phinney, S.D. (2012). The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Performance. Beyond Obesity LLC.

7. Base de Datos Alimentaria

Fuentes de la base de datos:

• •USDA SR Legacy Food Data — Public domain (U.S. government)
• •Open Food Facts — Open Database License (ODbL)
• •CIQUAL (ANSES, France) — Licence Ouverte

8. Inteligencia Artificial

Misura utiliza Google Gemini (modelos Flash) para enriquecimiento de datos nutricionales de productos comerciales y análisis de fotografías de comida, y Anthropic Claude (familia Claude 3/4) para generación de puntuaciones dietéticas, sugerencias de alimentos y análisis nutricional narrativo. Todo contenido generado por IA es orientativo y se identifica explícitamente conforme al Reglamento Europeo de Inteligencia Artificial (Reglamento UE 2024/1689).